Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck acarbose in ckd Surg. These vaccines have been demonstrated to be effective in preventing infection with some strains of HPV, when given before a person is exposed to HPV. The virus can be shed in saliva and genital secretions from individuals, even if they have no symptoms, especially in the days and weeks following a clinical episode. Applying acarbose in ckd psychometric tools such as item response theory IRT and structural equation modeling SEM can yield important insights on the level of individual symptoms because they allow the examination of exact relationships between symptoms and underlying dimensions.